KSA National Agricultural Land Evaluation · App 2 · Module 3

Data Sources

Where each of the 66 assessed elements can come from, with alternatives where they exist. Thirty-four candidate sources, twenty-four open and ten held by ministries. No data has been acquired; this is an acquisition specification.

Elements66
Sources34
Source links144
Derivable28
Ministry only21
One card per element — open it for the options

Each element names every dataset that could supply it, ranked Primary, Alternative and Fallback, with the processing that turns the dataset into the stored column and the acquisition method the choice implies.

The alternatives are not decoration. Choosing FABDEM over the Copernicus DEM for slope removes vegetation bias but brings a non-commercial licence. Choosing NCM station records over ERA5-Land for temperature raises the acquisition method from satellite_modelled at 0.70 to ministry_record at 0.95, and turns an open download into a formal request. Every alternative is a trade between confidence and acquisition cost, and the trade should be visible before it is made.

28
Derivable now
Open sources, no request needed
8
Proxy only
Fillable, but confidence-capped
21
Ministry only
No admissible external substitute
9
Blocked
Index has no defined construction
StatusDerivableProxy onlyMinistry onlyBlocked — index undefinedRankPrimaryAlternativeFallback
Capability19 land qualities19 elements
LQ-SP-01Available water capacity3 optionsDerivable
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250wv0033 − wv1500 by horizon → 0–100 cm weighted meansatellite_modelled
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250sand, clay, bdod, soc → Saxton–Rawls pedotransfer functionsatellite_modelled
FallbackHWSD2AWC field carried on the soil mapping unitsatellite_modelled
LQ-SP-02Soil workability2 optionsBlocked — index undefined
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250clay, sand, bdod, cfvo → function not defined
AlternativeHWSD2Soil unit → workability class → function not defined
LQ-SP-03Rooting conditions3 optionsDerivable
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250bdricm depth-to-bedrock, constrained by cfvosatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2Reference soil depth and obstacle-to-roots attributesatellite_modelled
FallbackSENTINEL2_L2ARock-outcrop detection on bare-soil composite → shallow-soil masksatellite_modelled
LQ-SP-04Surface sealing and crusting2 optionsBlocked — index undefined
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250clay, silt, soc → function not defined
AlternativeSENTINEL2_L2APost-rainfall crust reflectance signature → function not defined
LQ-SC-01Salinity (ECe)3 optionsProxy only
PrimaryGSASMAPFAO/ITPS salt-affected class → ECe band midpointsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSENTINEL2_L2ASalinity indices SI, NDSI, BI on bare-soil composite — requires local calibrationsatellite_modelled
FallbackSENTINEL1_GRDC-band backscatter response to surface salt crust — weak and unvalidatedinferred
LQ-SC-02Sodicity (ESP)2 optionsProxy only
PrimaryGSASMAPFAO/ITPS sodicity class → ESP band midpointsatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2ESP attribute on the soil mapping unitsatellite_modelled
LQ-SC-03Nutrient availability2 optionsBlocked — index undefined
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250nitrogen, cec, soc, phh2o → function not defined
AlternativeHWSD2Soil unit fertility attributes → function not defined
LQ-SC-04Toxicity (boron)2 optionsProxy only
PrimaryGLIMLithology class → expected parent-material boroninferred
AlternativeHWSD2Soil unit → associated toxicity riskinferred
LQ-W-01Drainage condition2 optionsBlocked — index undefined
PrimaryHWSD2Drainage class attribute read directly — a class, not an indexministry_record
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250 + COP_DEM_GLO30Texture + topographic wetness index → function not defined
LQ-W-02Flood hazard3 optionsDerivable
PrimaryJRC_GSW + COP_DEM_GLO30Surface-water occurrence + height above nearest drainagesatellite_modelled
AlternativeCHIRPS + COP_DEM_GLO30Extreme-rainfall return period routed over the DEMsatellite_modelled
FallbackSENTINEL1_GRDFlood extent from SAR during recorded eventssatellite_direct
LQ-W-04Waterlogging risk2 optionsDerivable
PrimaryJRC_GSWSeasonality band → days of standing water per yearsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSENTINEL1_GRDSAR water detection, unaffected by cloudsatellite_direct
LQ-T-01Terrain (slope)3 optionsDerivable
PrimaryCOP_DEM_GLO30Horn slope on the 30 m grid → H3 res-10 meansatellite_direct
AlternativeFABDEMBare-earth DEM — removes vegetation and building bias. Non-commercial licencesatellite_direct
FallbackSRTM_30Independent slope checksatellite_direct
LQ-T-02Water erosion2 optionsDerivable
PrimaryCOP_DEM_GLO30 + CHIRPS + SOILGRIDS_250RUSLE computed locally: R from CHIRPS, K from texture and SOC, LS from DEM, C from WorldCoversatellite_modelled
AlternativeGLOSEMPublished JRC RUSLE result — cross-check rather than substitutesatellite_modelled
LQ-T-03Wind erosion2 optionsBlocked — index undefined
PrimaryGLOBAL_WIND_ATLAS + SOILGRIDS_250Wind climate + sand fraction + cover → function not defined
AlternativeERA5_LAND + SOILGRIDS_250RWEQ or WEQ producing t/ha/yr — a defined quantity, unlike an indexsatellite_modelled
LQ-T-04Sand encroachment2 optionsDerivable
PrimarySENTINEL2_L2AMulti-year dune-front tracking on bare-soil compositessatellite_modelled
AlternativeLANDSAT_ARCHIVESame method over a 1984-onward baseline — longer record, coarser pixelsatellite_modelled
LQ-C-01Moisture deficit (aridity)3 optionsDerivable
PrimaryGLOBAL_AI_PETAridity index P/PET read directlysatellite_modelled
AlternativeERA5_LAND + CHIRPSP and PET computed from reanalysis to a current baselinesatellite_modelled
FallbackWORLDCLIM1970–2000 normalssatellite_modelled
LQ-C-02Thermal regime4 optionsDerivable
PrimaryERA5_LAND2 m temperature → growing degree days above crop basesatellite_modelled
AlternativeWORLDCLIMMonthly normals → GDDsatellite_modelled
FallbackMODIS_LSTSurface temperature as a proxy for air temperaturesatellite_modelled
AlternativeNCM_CLIMATEStation records — would raise the method score to ministry_recordministry_record
LQ-C-03Radiation3 optionsDerivable
PrimaryERA5_LANDSurface solar radiation downwards → daily meansatellite_modelled
AlternativeCM_SAF_SARAHSatellite-derived radiation at 5 km — finer than ERA5-Landsatellite_direct
FallbackWORLDCLIMsrad normalssatellite_modelled
LQ-C-04Length of growing period2 optionsDerivable
PrimaryERA5_LAND + CHIRPSDays where precipitation exceeds half PET, plus soil-moisture carry-oversatellite_modelled
AlternativeWORLDCLIMNormals-based LGPsatellite_modelled
Water15 parameters15 elements
WP-A-01Source type2 optionsMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSWell register source classificationministry_record
AlternativeJRC_GSW + ESA_WORLDCOVERSurface-water presence only — cannot identify groundwater or desalinated supplysatellite_modelled
WP-A-02Available volume1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLS + SGS_HYDROLicensed abstraction and aquifer yieldministry_record
WP-A-03Distance to source2 optionsMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSNearest well or intake point → Euclidean distanceministry_record
AlternativeJRC_GSWDistance to permanent surface water — surface sources onlysatellite_direct
WP-B-01Water-level trend2 optionsMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSMonitoring network time series → m/yr regressionministry_record
FallbackGRACE_FOGravimetric storage anomaly. ~300 km resolution — regional trend indicator only, never a cell valuesatellite_modelled
WP-B-02Aquifer type2 optionsMinistry only
PrimarySGS_HYDRONational hydrogeological mappingministry_record
AlternativeWHYMAPGlobal hydrogeology at 1:25 M — continental generalisationsatellite_modelled
WP-B-03Remaining supply horizon1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLS + SGS_HYDROSaturated thickness and trend → years to exhaustionministry_record
WP-C-01Irrigation water salinity1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSWater quality records — ECwministry_record
WP-C-02Sodium adsorption ratio1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSWater quality records — Na, Ca, Mg → SARministry_record
WP-C-03Chloride1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSWater quality recordsministry_record
WP-C-04Boron in irrigation water1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSWater quality recordsministry_record
WP-C-05Treated wastewater tier1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSTreatment plant register and effluent tierministry_record
WP-D-01Pumping lift1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLS + COP_DEM_GLO30Static water level below ground → liftministry_record
WP-D-02Conveyance distance1 optionMinistry only
PrimarySWA_WELLSDistribution network geometryministry_record
WP-E-01Basin sustainable yield1 optionMinistry only
PrimaryMEWA_BASINBasin water balance determinationministry_record
WP-E-02Allocation status1 optionMinistry only
PrimaryMEWA_BASINAbstraction licensing against basin allocationministry_record
Land rights6 legal checks6 elements
EPProtected area1 optionMinistry only
PrimaryNCW_PROTECTEDNCW protected-area register. No satellite proxy is admissible — a legal state cannot be inferred from imageryministry_record
EVRangeland, forest and afforestation1 optionMinistry only
PrimaryNCVC_RANGENCVC rangeland and forest register. No satellite proxy is admissible — a legal state cannot be inferred from imageryministry_record
ETTenure1 optionMinistry only
PrimaryMOJ_WATHEEQWatheeq cadastral record. No satellite proxy is admissible — a legal state cannot be inferred from imageryministry_record
EZZoning designation1 optionMinistry only
PrimaryMOMAH_ADMINMOMAH zoning scheme. No satellite proxy is admissible — a legal state cannot be inferred from imageryministry_record
EXConflicting use1 optionMinistry only
PrimaryMEWA_BASINPetroleum, mining, military and industrial designations. No satellite proxy is admissible — a legal state cannot be inferred from imageryministry_record
EHHazard designation3 optionsMinistry only
PrimaryNCEC_HAZARDEnvironmental constraint and hazard designation. No satellite proxy is admissibleministry_record
AlternativeNCM_CLIMATEMeteorological hazard — flood and storm alerting sits with NCMministry_record
AlternativeSGS_HYDROGeological hazard — subsidence, karst and seismic sits with SGSministry_record
Suitability26 crop factors26 elements
SQ-A-01Available water capacity3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-SP-01)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250wv0033 − wv1500 by horizon → 0–100 cm weighted meansatellite_modelled
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250sand, clay, bdod, soc → Saxton–Rawls pedotransfer functionsatellite_modelled
SQ-A-02Soil workability3 optionsBlocked — index undefined
Primary(reads LQ-SP-02)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250clay, sand, bdod, cfvo → function not defined
AlternativeHWSD2Soil unit → workability class → function not defined
SQ-A-03Rooting conditions3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-SP-03)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250bdricm depth-to-bedrock, constrained by cfvosatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2Reference soil depth and obstacle-to-roots attributesatellite_modelled
SQ-A-04Surface sealing and crusting3 optionsBlocked — index undefined
Primary(reads LQ-SP-04)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250clay, silt, soc → function not defined
AlternativeSENTINEL2_L2APost-rainfall crust reflectance signature → function not defined
SQ-B-01Salinity (ECe)3 optionsProxy only
Primary(reads LQ-SC-01)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeGSASMAPFAO/ITPS salt-affected class → ECe band midpointsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSENTINEL2_L2ASalinity indices SI, NDSI, BI on bare-soil composite — requires local calibrationsatellite_modelled
SQ-B-02Sodicity (ESP / SAR)3 optionsProxy only
Primary(reads LQ-SC-02)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeGSASMAPFAO/ITPS sodicity class → ESP band midpointsatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2ESP attribute on the soil mapping unitsatellite_modelled
SQ-B-04Toxicity risk (boron)3 optionsProxy only
Primary(reads LQ-SC-04)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeGLIMLithology class → expected parent-material boroninferred
AlternativeHWSD2Soil unit → associated toxicity riskinferred
SQ-C-01Drainage condition3 optionsBlocked — index undefined
Primary(reads LQ-W-01)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2Drainage class attribute read directly — a class, not an indexministry_record
AlternativeSOILGRIDS_250 + COP_DEM_GLO30Texture + topographic wetness index → function not defined
SQ-C-02Flood hazard3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-W-02)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeJRC_GSW + COP_DEM_GLO30Surface-water occurrence + height above nearest drainagesatellite_modelled
AlternativeCHIRPS + COP_DEM_GLO30Extreme-rainfall return period routed over the DEMsatellite_modelled
SQ-C-03Waterlogging risk3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-W-04)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeJRC_GSWSeasonality band → days of standing water per yearsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSENTINEL1_GRDSAR water detection, unaffected by cloudsatellite_direct
SQ-D-01Terrain workability3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-T-01)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeCOP_DEM_GLO30Horn slope on the 30 m grid → H3 res-10 meansatellite_direct
AlternativeFABDEMBare-earth DEM — removes vegetation and building bias. Non-commercial licencesatellite_direct
SQ-D-02Water erosion hazard3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-T-02)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeCOP_DEM_GLO30 + CHIRPS + SOILGRIDS_250RUSLE computed locally: R from CHIRPS, K from texture and SOC, LS from DEM, C from WorldCoversatellite_modelled
AlternativeGLOSEMPublished JRC RUSLE result — cross-check rather than substitutesatellite_modelled
SQ-D-03Wind erosion hazard3 optionsBlocked — index undefined
Primary(reads LQ-T-03)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeGLOBAL_WIND_ATLAS + SOILGRIDS_250Wind climate + sand fraction + cover → function not defined
AlternativeERA5_LAND + SOILGRIDS_250RWEQ or WEQ producing t/ha/yr — a defined quantity, unlike an indexsatellite_modelled
SQ-D-04Sand encroachment hazard3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-T-04)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeSENTINEL2_L2AMulti-year dune-front tracking on bare-soil compositessatellite_modelled
AlternativeLANDSAT_ARCHIVESame method over a 1984-onward baseline — longer record, coarser pixelsatellite_modelled
SQ-E-01Moisture deficit (aridity)3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-C-01)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeGLOBAL_AI_PETAridity index P/PET read directlysatellite_modelled
AlternativeERA5_LAND + CHIRPSP and PET computed from reanalysis to a current baselinesatellite_modelled
SQ-E-02Thermal suitability3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-C-02)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeERA5_LAND2 m temperature → growing degree days above crop basesatellite_modelled
AlternativeWORLDCLIMMonthly normals → GDDsatellite_modelled
SQ-E-03Radiation and solar energy3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-C-03)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeERA5_LANDSurface solar radiation downwards → daily meansatellite_modelled
AlternativeCM_SAF_SARAHSatellite-derived radiation at 5 km — finer than ERA5-Landsatellite_direct
SQ-E-04Length of growing period3 optionsDerivable
Primary(reads LQ-C-04)Same measurement as the capability quality, rated against a crop requirement instead of a land limitationsatellite_modelled
AlternativeERA5_LAND + CHIRPSDays where precipitation exceeds half PET, plus soil-moisture carry-oversatellite_modelled
AlternativeWORLDCLIMNormals-based LGPsatellite_modelled
SQ-A-05Soil texture2 optionsDerivable
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250sand, silt, clay → USDA texture classsatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2Texture class on the soil mapping unitsatellite_modelled
SQ-A-06Coarse fragments2 optionsDerivable
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250cfvo read directlysatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2Gravel content attributesatellite_modelled
SQ-B-05Calcium carbonate2 optionsProxy only
PrimaryHWSD2CaCO₃ attribute on the soil mapping unitsatellite_modelled
AlternativeGLIMCarbonate lithology → expected CaCO₃inferred
SQ-B-06Gypsum content2 optionsProxy only
PrimaryHWSD2Gypsum attribute. National coverage incomplete — high null rate expectedsatellite_modelled
AlternativeGLIMEvaporite lithology → expected gypsuminferred
SQ-B-07Soil pH2 optionsDerivable
PrimarySOILGRIDS_250phh2o read directlysatellite_modelled
AlternativeHWSD2pH attribute on the soil mapping unitsatellite_modelled
SQ-E-05Frost risk2 optionsDerivable
PrimaryERA5_LAND2 m minimum temperature → days below crop killing temperaturesatellite_modelled
AlternativeNCM_CLIMATEStation minima — materially better in the Asir and Al Bahah highlandsministry_record
SQ-F-01Irrigation demand (ETc)2 optionsDerivable
PrimaryERA5_LANDET₀ by FAO-56 Penman-Monteith, × crop Kc by growth stagesatellite_modelled
AlternativeCM_SAF_SARAH + ERA5_LANDRadiation from SARAH improves the ET₀ energy termsatellite_modelled
SQ-F-02Crop nutrient requirement2 optionsDerivable
PrimaryALUESCrop requirement table — not a land measurementministry_record
AlternativeFAO_ECOCROPFull profile where one exists (7 of 63 crops)ministry_record
Thirty-four candidate sources

Twenty-four are open and acquirable now. Ten are held by ministries and none has been requested yet. Every card carries its resolution score — confidence component 2, computed from native resolution against the 131.4 m cell width. That score is fixed the moment a source is chosen, before any processing happens, and it is the ceiling on everything derived from it. Every card also links to where the dataset lives, so an acquisition request can be raised straight from it.

Links point to official landing pages rather than direct dataset endpoints. The custodian of hazard designation should be confirmed before a request is addressed, since environmental, meteorological and geological hazard sit with different centres.
Soil and lithology4 sources
external
SoilGrids 2.0
SOILGRIDS_250
ISRIC — World Soil Information
Res score
0.68
Native resolution
250 m
Licence
CC-BY 4.0
Update cycle
Static (2020 release)
Coverage
Global
Access route
API · bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Model prediction with published uncertainty layers. Carries no salinity, sodicity, carbonate or gypsum layer — those must come from elsewhere.
external
Global Map of Salt-Affected Soils
GSASMAP
FAO / ITPS
Res score
0.41
Native resolution
1 km
Licence
CC-BY-NC-SA
Update cycle
Static (2021)
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Class map, not continuous ECe. Non-commercial licence needs checking against the contract.
external
Harmonized World Soil Database v2.0
HWSD2
FAO / IIASA
Res score
0.41
Native resolution
~1 km
Licence
CC-BY 4.0
Update cycle
Static (2023)
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Polygon-based, so within-polygon variation is lost. Carries CaCO₃ and gypsum attributes that SoilGrids does not.
external
Global Lithological Map v1.0
GLIM
Hartmann & Moosdorf
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Vector
Licence
CC-BY 3.0
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Lithology classes only. Usable as a proxy for parent-material chemistry, never as a measurement.
Elevation and terrain4 sources
external
Copernicus DEM GLO-30
COP_DEM_GLO30
ESA
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
30 m
Licence
Copernicus open
Update cycle
Static (2019)
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Digital surface model, not bare earth. Vegetation and structures bias slope in built-up and palm-cultivated areas.
external
FABDEM V1-2
FABDEM
University of Bristol
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
30 m
Licence
Non-commercial
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Licence restricts commercial use. Must be checked against the contract before it enters the pipeline.
external
SRTM 1 Arc-Second Global
SRTM_30
NASA / USGS
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
30 m
Licence
Public domain
Update cycle
Static (2000)
Coverage
60°N–56°S
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Superseded by Copernicus DEM for most purposes; retained as an independent check on slope.
external
Global Soil Erosion Modelling (GloSEM)
GLOSEM
European Commission JRC
Res score
0.68
Native resolution
250 m
Licence
CC-BY 4.0
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
A published RUSLE result rather than an input set. Useful as a cross-check on a locally computed RUSLE, not as a substitute.
Optical and radar imagery5 sources
external
Sentinel-2 MSI Level-2A
SENTINEL2_L2A
ESA Copernicus
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
10–20 m
Licence
Copernicus open
Update cycle
5-day revisit
Coverage
Global
Access route
API
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Cloud and dust contamination; bare-soil compositing required in arid terrain where vegetation cover is near zero.
external
ESA WorldCover
ESA_WORLDCOVER
ESA
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
10 m
Licence
CC-BY 4.0
Update cycle
Annual
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Ten classes; sparse arid vegetation is systematically under-detected.
external
JRC Global Surface Water
JRC_GSW
European Commission JRC
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
30 m
Licence
Open
Update cycle
Annual
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Detects surface water occurrence 1984–present; ephemeral wadi flow is under-represented.
external
Sentinel-1 SAR GRD
SENTINEL1_GRD
ESA Copernicus
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
10 m
Licence
Copernicus open
Update cycle
6–12 day
Coverage
Global
Access route
API
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
C-band backscatter; soil-moisture retrieval requires local calibration that does not exist for the Kingdom.
external
Landsat 5/7/8/9 Collection 2
LANDSAT_ARCHIVE
USGS
Res score
1.00
Native resolution
30 m
Licence
Public domain
Update cycle
16-day revisit
Coverage
Global
Access route
API
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Coarser than Sentinel-2 but reaches back to 1984 — the only option where a multi-decadal baseline is needed.
Climate and atmosphere7 sources
external
MOD11A2 Land Surface Temperature
MODIS_LST
NASA LP DAAC
Res score
0.41
Native resolution
1 km
Licence
Open
Update cycle
8-day composite
Coverage
Global
Access route
API
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Surface temperature, not air temperature. One pixel spans 66 cells.
external
ERA5-Land reanalysis
ERA5_LAND
ECMWF / Copernicus C3S
Res score
0.35
Native resolution
9 km
Licence
Copernicus open
Update cycle
Hourly, monthly release
Coverage
Global
Access route
API
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
One pixel assigns a single value to 5,383 cells. Confidence component 2 is at its 0.35 floor for every element sourced here.
external
CHIRPS v2.0 precipitation
CHIRPS
UCSB / USGS
Res score
0.35
Native resolution
5 km
Licence
Public domain
Update cycle
Daily · pentad
Coverage
50°N–50°S
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Blends satellite estimates with gauge data; the Arabian Peninsula gauge network is sparse, so the gauge correction is weak.
external
WorldClim 2.1
WORLDCLIM
WorldClim
Res score
0.41
Native resolution
1 km
Licence
CC-BY-SA 4.0
Update cycle
Static (1970–2000)
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Climate normals for a historic baseline period, not current conditions.
external
Global Aridity Index and PET v3
GLOBAL_AI_PET
CGIAR-CSI
Res score
0.41
Native resolution
1 km
Licence
CC-BY 4.0
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Derived from WorldClim and inherits its 1970–2000 baseline.
external
Global Wind Atlas 3.3
GLOBAL_WIND_ATLAS
DTU / World Bank
Res score
0.68
Native resolution
250 m
Licence
CC-BY 4.0
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Modelled wind climate at 10 m and above; not a surface-erosivity product.
external
CM SAF SARAH-3 surface radiation
CM_SAF_SARAH
EUMETSAT
Res score
0.35
Native resolution
5 km
Licence
Open
Update cycle
Daily
Coverage
Africa · Europe · Middle East
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Satellite-derived rather than reanalysis; finer than ERA5-Land for radiation specifically.
Hydrogeology2 sources
external
WHYMAP Global Hydrogeology
WHYMAP
BGR / UNESCO
Res score
0.35
Native resolution
1:25 M
Licence
CC-BY 4.0
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Global
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Continental-scale generalisation. Indicates aquifer type but cannot be read at cell level.
external
GRACE / GRACE-FO groundwater storage
GRACE_FO
NASA / GFZ
Res score
0.35
Native resolution
~300 km
Licence
Public domain
Update cycle
Monthly
Coverage
Global
Access route
API
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
300 km resolution is basin-scale at best — one value covers a substantial part of a province. Usable as a regional trend indicator, never as a cell value.
Crop reference2 sources
external
ALUES 0.2.1 threshold database
ALUES
Open-source R package
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Tabular
Licence
Open
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
1,268 validated threshold records, 91 parameters, 56 crops. Not Saudi-calibrated.
external
FAO ECOCROP
FAO_ECOCROP
FAO
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Tabular
Licence
Open
Update cycle
Static
Coverage
Access route
Bulk
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Full profiles for 7 Saudi-priority crops; 56 of 63 crops lack one.
Ministry-held10 sources
ministry
National base mapping and control
GEOSA_BASE
GEOSA
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Vector
Licence
Restricted
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Authoritative national geodetic and boundary reference.
ministry
Governorate boundaries and zoning schemes
MOMAH_ADMIN
Ministry of Municipalities and Housing (MOMAH)
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Vector
Licence
Not yet agreed
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Blocks all zone generation. Nothing in the zoning pipeline can run without it.
ministry
Protected area polygons
NCW_PROTECTED
NCW
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Vector
Licence
Not yet agreed
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Sole source for EP. No external proxy is acceptable for a legal determination.
ministry
Rangeland, forest and afforestation layer
NCVC_RANGE
NCVC
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Vector
Licence
Not yet agreed
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Sole source for EV.
ministry
Watheeq cadastral records
MOJ_WATHEEQ
Ministry of Justice
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Records
Licence
Not yet agreed
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
MoU required
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Sole source for ET. Likely the most access-restricted dataset in the study.
ministry
Well register, monitoring network and abstraction licences
SWA_WELLS
SWA
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Points · records
Licence
Not yet agreed
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Sole source for 13 of the 15 water parameters. Without it the water module cannot be populated at all.
ministry
Hydrogeology and aquifer mapping
SGS_HYDRO
SGS
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Vector
Licence
Restricted
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Aquifer extent, type and properties.
ministry
Hazard designation and environmental constraint mapping
NCEC_HAZARD
NCEC
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Vector
Licence
Not yet agreed
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Sole source for EH. Environmental, meteorological and geological hazard sit with different centres — confirm which holds hazard designation before addressing a request.
ministry
Station climate records
NCM_CLIMATE
NCM
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Points
Licence
Restricted
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Would raise every climate element from satellite_modelled towards ministry_record.
ministry
Basin allocation and water policy determinations
MEWA_BASIN
MEWA
Res score
n/a
Native resolution
Records
Licence
Not yet agreed
Update cycle
On request
Coverage
National
Access route
Formal request
Acquisition status
Not started
Known limitation
Sole source for WP-E-01 and WP-E-02, and for the eleven policy thresholds the Class ranges tab cannot fill.
Send a request
21
elements wait on a ministry record
Ten datasets, none requested yet. This is procurement, not analysis — the letters can go out this week and nothing else has to happen first.
Make a decision
9
elements wait on a definition
No dataset resolves these. The scale itself has never been specified, so acquiring more data changes nothing until someone writes the function.

Ministry dependency — 21 elements across 10 datasets

Critical13 el
SWA
SWA_WELLS
13 of the 15 water parameters.
The water module cannot be populated at all without it. No external dataset carries well level, abstraction or water chemistry at any resolution.
Critical1 el
MOMAH
MOMAH_ADMIN
EZ zoning, plus governorate boundaries.
Blocks all zone generation, and therefore the entire area ledger — the headline output of the study.
High1 el
Ministry of Justice
MOJ_WATHEEQ
ET tenure.
Likely the most access-restricted dataset in the study. An MoU is expected rather than a data request.
High1 el
NCW
NCW_PROTECTED
EP protected areas.
A legal determination. No satellite proxy is admissible however good the imagery.
High1 el
NCVC
NCVC_RANGE
EV rangeland, forest and afforestation.
Separate register from NCW — a hectare clear in one can be barred in the other.
High1 el
NCEC
NCEC_HAZARD
EH hazard designation.
Hazard designation is a declared state, not an observed one. Confirm the custodian before sending.
Critical3 el
MEWA
MEWA_BASIN
WP-E-01, WP-E-02 and EX.
Also holds the eleven policy thresholds the Class ranges tab cannot fill — acceptable decline rates, viable pumping lift, allocation limits.
Medium1 el
SGS
SGS_HYDRO
Aquifer type and extent.
WHYMAP is the only alternative and is a 1:25 M continental generalisation.
Medium0 el
GEOSA
GEOSA_BASE
National geodetic and boundary reference.
Underpins every other layer’s spatial registration.
Optional0 el
NCM
NCM_CLIMATE
Station climate records.
Not blocking. ERA5-Land covers every climate element. Would raise five of them from 0.70 to 0.95 on acquisition method.

Blocked by definition, not by data — 9 elements

All nine are index-valued columns, and every input they need is already available. SoilGrids, the Copernicus DEM and the Global Wind Atlas can all be read today. What does not exist, in any delivered module, is the function that turns those inputs into a number on a 0–100 scale.

Until that function is written an index value cannot be produced, cannot be banded, and cannot be assigned a confidence — because confidence component 1 asks how a value was acquired, and there is no acquisition path to name.

undefined scale
Soil workability
LQ-SP-02
Missing
clay, sand, bdod, cfvo → function not defined
undefined scale
Surface sealing and crusting
LQ-SP-04
Missing
clay, silt, soc → function not defined
undefined scale
Nutrient availability
LQ-SC-03
Missing
nitrogen, cec, soc, phh2o → function not defined
undefined scale
Drainage condition
LQ-W-01
Missing
Drainage class attribute read directly — a class, not an index
undefined scale
Wind erosion
LQ-T-03
Missing
Wind climate + sand fraction + cover → function not defined
mirrors capability
Soil workability
SQ-A-02
Missing
Inherits the gap from its capability reference — resolving that resolves this.
mirrors capability
Surface sealing and crusting
SQ-A-04
Missing
Inherits the gap from its capability reference — resolving that resolves this.
mirrors capability
Drainage condition
SQ-C-01
Missing
Inherits the gap from its capability reference — resolving that resolves this.
mirrors capability
Wind erosion hazard
SQ-D-03
Missing
Inherits the gap from its capability reference — resolving that resolves this.

Two of the nine need no calibration at all

Resolvable now
Drainage condition
LQ-W-01 · SQ-C-01
HWSD v2 carries a drainage class attribute that can be read directly. Drainage is conventionally expressed as a class — FAO uses seven ordered ones — not as a score. Expressing it as a 0–100 continuum discards a standard vocabulary and invents a scale in its place. Adopting the class removes both elements from this list with no calibration work.
Resolvable now
Wind erosion
LQ-T-03 · SQ-D-03
RWEQ and WEQ are established quantitative treatments producing t/ha/yr — the same unit already used for water erosion in LQ-T-02. Using an index for one and a mass flux for the other is an inconsistency inside a single element group. Adopting the mass flux removes both elements and makes the group internally consistent.
Adopting both would take the blocked count from 9 to 5, leaving five elements — soil workability, surface sealing and nutrient availability, plus their two suitability mirrors — genuinely requiring a defined index. Both changes are defensible on methodological grounds rather than convenience, which is why they are worth raising with the reviewer rather than deciding internally.